Which pavement type is generally less expensive upfront but has higher maintenance and is weaker?

• A. Asphalt
• B. Concrete
• C. Steel
• D. Wood

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is how a pavement material balances upfront cost with durability and maintenance needs. Asphalt is generally cheaper to install than concrete because the materials and construction process are less expensive and faster. But it is weaker in terms of structural rigidity and loads; it softens in heat and can deform under heavy traffic, making it more susceptible to rutting and wear. Because of that, asphalt requires more frequent upkeep—crack sealing, pothole repair, and periodic resurfacing or overlays—to keep it serviceable. Over a pavement’s life, those ongoing maintenance activities add up, offsetting the initial savings. Steel isn’t used as a standard paving surface in this context, and wood isn’t a common durable road material due to decay and wear, so they don’t fit the described trade-off. That combination of low initial cost with higher maintenance and weaker performance points to asphalt as the best answer.